Western Front
The Smuts Committee releases an interim report examining the air defence of the United Kingdom. Among the Committee's recommendations are the establishment of a London Air Defence Area to encompass all of the United Kingdom within Gotha bomber range and the acceleration of plans to form additional day-fighter squadrons for home defence.
A white goat mascot of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers at Cavillon: © IWM (Q 5691):
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...270753493712898
British soldiers having a bath in the sea at Etaples, France: © IWM (Q 3883):
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...285858407260160
A French Schneider CA1 tank training at Champlieu: © IWM (Q 69504):
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...300973097615360
A damaged mine in Liévin, France: © IWM (Q 78488):
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...653267433500672
Heavy German attacks south of Lombartzyde (Nieuport sector), south of St. Quentin, and north of the Aisne repulsed.
Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Battle of Dvinsk (Also known as the Battle of East Galicia): German breakthrough in Galicia forces the end of the Russian offensive. Hoffmann’s counter-offensive with Eben’s 9 divisions (8 from Western Front) makes 12-mile wide breach east of Zloczow helped by Bruchmüller hurricane barrage. Russian Eleventh Army flees en masse, losing 6,000 PoWs and 70 guns by July 21
Western Russia: Battle of Smorgon-Krevo (until July 27): German Tenth Army repulses assault after 2-mile Russian penetration on July 22.
Russian soldiers breaking and running in panic in East Galicia due to a Central Powers counterattack:
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...623083154173952
Naval and Overseas Operations
East Africa: Battle of Narungombe: 1,700 British soldiers (363 casualties) with 20 MGs attack Captain Liebermann’s c.800 men, 2 guns and 48 MGs in waterhole hill positions. Narungombe occupied on July 20 as Germans retreat south to Mihambia, lost 1 MG.
Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Turkish cavalry force encountered west of Beersheba (Palestine) and driven back.
Political, etc
Germany: The Reichstag passes Resolution as to German War Aims by 212-126 vote ‘
strives for a peace by agreement and a permanent reconciliation’. The resolution also calls for no annexations or indemnities & for freedom of the seas. New Chancellor Michaelis says Germany will not again offer peace.
Crown Prince Rupprecht letter to Interior Minister bemoans Bavaria’s plight against Berlin heavy industry.
Russia: Russian ‘July Days’ Rising (until July 19): The last 500 rebels surrender to General Polovtsev.
M. Alexander Kerenski succeeds Prince Georgi Lvov as Premier of Russia temporarily.
Kerensky (center) at the funeral of cossacks killed in the Petrograd July riots:
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Finnish Scim proclaims Finland’s autonomy.
United Kingdom: Report on operations in East Africa published.
British statement issued on Russian and German Socialists meeting at Stockholm.
Italy: Italy refuses to allow the US to conscript Italian nationals living in the US, while UK & France will allow their citizens to be conscripted.
An Italian geography lesson taking place in Grado, a town taken by Italian troops from Austria-Hungary:
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...638186670927873